DP alternate mode on USB Type-C Standard (二)

4. USB Type-C Cables Used for DisplayPort

This section describes the cable assemblies and adapters used for DisplayPort signaling through
a USB Type-C connector.

4.1  Scenario 1 USB Type-C Cable
Figure 4-1 illustrates an example of a USB Full-Featured Type-C cable assembly (as defined in USB Type-C Specification) used for DisplayPort.

4.1.1  Scenario 1 USB Type-C Cable Using GEN2_BR
This scenario uses DFP_D Pin Assignment A at the DisplayPort Source device and UFP_D Pin
Assignment A at the DisplayPort Sink device.

• Figure 4-2 illustrates when the plugs at both ends are inserted in normal orientation
• Figure 4-3 illustrates when the DFP_D plug is flipped and the UFP_D plug is inserted in normal orientation
• Figure 4-4 illustrates when the DFP_D plug is inserted in normal orientation and the UFP_D plug is flipped
• Figure 4-5 illustrates when the plugs at both ends are flipped

4.1.2  Scenario 1 USB Type-C Cable Using DP_BR
This scenario uses DFP_D Pin Assignment C at the DisplayPort Source device and UFP_D Pin
Assignment C at the DisplayPort Sink device.

4.2  Scenarios 2a and 2b USB Type-C to DisplayPort Cable
The same USB Type-C to DP cable supports both Scenario 2a (USB Type-C DFP_D
to DisplayPort UFP_D) and Scenario 2b (DisplayPort DFP_D to USB Type-C UFP_D).


4.2.1 Scenario 2a USB Type-C DFP_D to DisplayPort UFP_D

• 如果沒有成功進到Alt Mode, 則必須要顯示USB Billboard board告知end-user狀況
• The cable assembly’s connections behind pins A10, A11, B10, and B11 on the USB Type-C Plug shall contain series AC capacitors as specified in DP Standard (75 to 265nF), because these pins are required to be AC-coupled at the DFP_D by DP Standard, but are DC-connected in the system behind the USB Type-C receptacle.

4.2.2 Scenario 2b DisplayPort DFP_D to USB Type-C UFP_D

• This scenario uses UFP_D Pin Assignment E.
• The cable assembly is the same cable assembly that used in Scenario 2a, but with DisplayPort signaling running in the opposite direction.
• Pins A10, A11, B10, and B11 are DC-coupled in the system behind the USB Type-C receptacle; thus, the capacitors on these pins provide the optional AC-coupling permitted by DP Standard.

4.2.4.2  DisplayPort DFP_D/UFP_D Detection and HPD Signaling
DP Standard defines pull-up and pull-down resistors for the AUX_CH_P/AUX_CH_N signal pair at both DisplayPort DFP_D and DisplayPort UFP_D, between the AC-coupling capacitors.

The behavior of  DP(DFP_D)  to  C (UFP_D)

• 當Adapter的SBU2從open變成logic 1時，代表DFP_D已連接Adapter，此時可透過DP status update告知此狀態並等待DP configure command ; 當接收到DP configure command後(表示Type-C端已切換成UFP_D)，Adapter需將開關短路(此時AUX相通)，而UFP_D(Type-C端)必須透過PD messages向Adapter回報HPD狀態，Adapter再根據HPD狀態控制HPD訊號供DFP_D偵測。如果DFP_D斷開連接(此時AUX_P會回復logic 1，AUX_N會回復logic 0)，Adapter需要透過PD messages向Type-C端(UFP_D)回報DFP_D已斷開，並將SBU開關關閉(SBU恢復open狀態)

The behavior of  C(DFP_D)  to DP(UFP_D)
※ 某些顯示器(螢幕)沒有在AUX_P放pull-up電阻，而是透過HPD拉high的方式

• 當Adapter的SBU1從open變成logic 1或是HPD訊號變化，代表UFP_D已經接上Adapters。此時可透過PD messages (DP Attention)回報UFP_D已連接，並等待DP Configure command；當接收到DP configure command(表Type-C端為DFP_D)後，Adapter需將AUX開關開啟(此時AUX相通)，UFP_D就可以透過AUX偵測DFP_D已存在。Adapter必須透過PD messages提供HPD狀態給DFP_D。如果UFP_D斷開連接(此時HPD變成low)，Adapter必須透過PD messages向DFP_D回報UFP_D已斷開，並將SBU開關關閉(恢復open狀態)

4.3  Scenarios 3a and 3c USB Type-C DFP_D to Protocol Conver

• These scenarios use DFP_D Pin Assignment C. The implementation of AUX signaling and HPD the Protocol Converter is similar to that used in a USB Type-C UFP_D (see Section 3.15).

1.  HDMI Protocol Converters

• HDMI Protocol Converters shall support four HBR2 lanes.
• In addition, the DETAILED_CAP_INFO_AVAILABLE bit in the DOWN_STREAM_PORT_PRESENT register (DPCD Address 00005h, bit 4) shall have a value of 1 (i.e., the DFP_D Receiver Capability fields in registers starting at DPCD Address 00080h shall use the longer four-byte format).

The following features, optional in DP Standard, shall be supported:

• 594M characters per second per channel
• 4K at 60Hz YCbCr 4:4:4, as specified in HDMI v2.0b
• HDMI Sink maximum character per channel rate indication
• HDMI Sink Error status
• CEC, including low-power management and CEC-Tunneling-over-AUX with support for snooping and multiple-logical addresses
• Pass-through of YCbCr 4:2:0 color format
• Conversion from YCbCr 4:4:4 format or YCbCr 4:2:2 format to YCbCr 4:2:0
• Generation of an IRQ_HPD on HDMI status changes
• HDCP v1.4 and HDCP v2.2 on the USB Type-C connection
• HDCP v1.4 and HDCP v2.2 on the HDMI connection
• Conversion from DP Frame Sequential to HDMI Frame Pack 3D format
• HDCP v2.2 repeater

      2. VGA Protocol Converters
VGA Protocol Converters shall support a minimum resolution of 1920x1200 at 60Hz, 24bpp
reduced blanking, 1600x1200 at 60Hz, 24bpp full blanking. VGA Protocol Converters shall
support at least one HBR2 lane.



      3. DVI Protocol Converters
Single-link DVI Protocol Converters shall support a minimum resolution of 1920x1200 at 60Hz,
24bpp. DVI Protocol Converters shall support two HBR lanes, but are not required to support
bandwidths in excess of two HBR lanes.



4.4  Scenario 4a USB Type-C DFP_D to a Multi-function Dock

This scenario uses DFP_D Pin Assignment B at the DisplayPort Source device and UFP_D Pin
Assignment B at the DisplayPort Sink device. In the event that the Multi-function dock can be
configured to apply all four DisplayPort lanes to the DisplayPort connector, Pin Assignment A is
used instead.

• The Multi-function dock shall contain a DisplayPort Branch device that can adapt from GEN2_BR to DP_BR on the DisplayPort connector.

4.4.2  Scenario 4a USB Type-C Cable Using DP_BR Multi-function
This scenario uses DFP_D Pin Assignment D at the DisplayPort Source device and UFP_D Pin
Assignment D at the DisplayPort Sink device. In the event that the Multi-function dock can be
configured to apply all four DisplayPort lanes to the DisplayPort connector, Pin Assignment C
is used instead.

4.5  Scenarios 4c and 4d USB Type-C DFP_D to Multi-function Cradle/Captive Cable Dock

Figure 4-32 illustrates a USB Type-C DFP_D connected to a Multi-function cradle dock.
Figure 4-33 illustrates a USB Type-C DFP_D connected to a Multi-function Captive cable dock.

• Scenarios 4c and 4d USB Type-C DFP_D to Multi-function Cradle/Captive Cable Dock Using GEN2_BR

These scenarios use DFP_D Pin Assignment B at the DP Source device.

• Scenarios 4c and 4d USB Type-C DFP_D to Multi-function radle/Captive Cable Dock using DP_BR

These scenarios use DFP_D Pin Assignment D at the DP Source device.

Reference:
1. VESA DisplayPort Alt Mode on USB Type-C Standard (DisplayPort Alt Mode),  Version 1.0b, Draft
2. VESA - DisplayPortTM Alternate Mode on USB-CTM - Technical Overview

DP alternate mode on USB Type-C Standard (一)

2. Overview

VESA協會定義了DisplayPort(DP) 與 USB Type-c之間的關聯。透過DP alternate mode (SID=0xFF01)可以將某些Type-C的腳位修改為Displayport的訊號傳輸


這份spec主要定義3種USB Type-C與DisplayPort可能出現的3種產品模式：

• USB Full-Featured Type-C cable assembly
• USB Type-C plug to DP/mDP cable assembly
• USB Type-C plug to another video interface (e.g. HDMI, VDVI, or VGA) cable assembly (i.e., with a plug) or adapter (i.e., with a receptacle)

整份spec.都圍繞在這3類產品的介紹

 

考量產品可能包含DP connector, 首先必須考慮BR(bit rate)。


規格書中定義DP_BR代表DP spec. V1.3中的其中一種傳輸速率(one of RBR, HBR, HBR2, and HBR3)

• 810MHz for 8.1Gbps/lane (high bit rate 3, HBR3)
• 540MHz for 5.4Gbps/lane (high bit rate 2, HBR2)
• 270MHz for 2.7Gbps/lane (high bit rate, HBR)
• 162MHz for 1.62Gbps/lane (low bit rate, RBR)

另外定義GEN2_BR代表USB r3.1 Gen2傳輸速率

• up to 10Gbps

Table 2-1 定義第一種產品模式。因為Host和Monitor都是Type-C，中間必須透過Type-C Cable連接( Type-C Cable在USB Type-C spec.中有詳細定義)

針對BR以及lane數，分成4種pin assignment

• Adapters (USB Type-C Plug at one end and DisplayPort plug at the other end) shall always use DP_BR.
• USB Type-C Protocol Converters (USB Type-C plug on one end and non-DisplayPort video connector at the other end) shall support DP_BR, but may also support GEN2_BR.
• Pin assignment A, B 是以GEN2_BR傳輸，所以Gen1 passive cable (5Gbps)無法支援
• Gen2 Active cable只能使用Pin assignment A, B

3. Pin assignment

為了分辨腳色，規格書定義DFP_D為DP source, 提供DP訊號例如電腦
UFP_D為DP sink, 接收DP訊號例如螢幕

Table3-1 & 3-2  定義了DFP_D用到的pin assignment

Table 3-3 & 3-4 定義了UFP_D用到的pin assignment, 分別對應DFP_D腳位

這些定義有以下特點：

• Pin Assignments A, B, C, and D are intended for use in conjunction with USB Type-C to USB Type-C Cables and with adapters from USB Type-C to other video standards.  Pin Assignment E is intended for use in conjunction with adapters from USB Type-C to DP plugs or receptacles.

• DP protocol is carried using GEN2_BR when using Pin Assignments A and B. DP protocol is carried using DP_BR when using Pin Assignments C, D, and E.
• Pin Assignments B and D are used as variants of Pin Assignments A and C, respectively, to simultaneously carry one channel of USB Enhanced SuperSpeed protocol with one or two DP lanes. This configuration is described as Multi-function.
• Pin Assignment E allows the USB Type-C connector flip to be implemented by DFP_Ds that support pin allocation reversals (i.e., ML0, ML1, ML2, and ML3 can be reversed to ML3, ML2, ML1, and ML0, respectively)

Table 3-5 & 3-6 定義USB Type-C Receptacle端 DFP_D和UFP_D必須支援的pin assignment 
(pin assignment C & E)

Table 3-7 & 3-8 定義USB Type-C Plug端 DFP_D & UFP_D必須支援的pin assignment

• Systems supporting a DFP_D on a USB Type-C receptacle shall support HBR.

• Adapters and captive cable docks supporting a DFP_D on a USB Type-C Plug and adapting this to a DisplayPort connector shall be capable of supporting four DP lanes.

• Adapters and captive cable docks supporting a DFP_D on a USB Type-C Plug and adapting this to a non-DP video interface may support two or four DP lanes, according to adapter functionality.

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以下為各種pin assignment的詳細介紹
※ 若同時支援DisplayPort 和 USB 3.1訊號，即為spec.定義的Multi-function Systems

 

      ⑴.   Pin Assignment A

This pin assignment is appropriate only for USB Type-C to USB Type-C cables and UFP_Ds with
USB Type-C plugs. It supports passive and active USB Type-C to USB Type-C Gen 2 cables, as
follows:

• Four DP lanes for passive Gen 2 cables
• Two DP lanes for active Gen 2 cables

      

      ⑵.   Pin Assignment B

This pin assignment is appropriate only for USB Type-C to USB Type-C cables and UFP_Ds with
USB Type-C plugs. It supports passive and active USB Type-C to USB Type-C Gen 2 cables, as
follows:

• Two DP lanes for passive Gen 2 cables
• One DP lane for active Gen 2 cables

      ⑶.   Pin Assignment C
DisplayPort electrical signaling for this pin assignment shall comply with DP Standard for transmission rates up to RBR, HBR, HBR2, or HBR3, as supported by the system.

• This pin assignment is appropriate only for passive USB Type-C to USB Type-C cables and UFP_Ds / DFP_Ds with USB Type-C plugs.

      ⑷.   Pin Assignment D
DisplayPort electrical signaling for this pin assignment shall comply with DP Standard for transmission rates up to RBR, HBR, HBR2, or HBR3, as supported by the system.

• This pin assignment is appropriate only for passive USB Type-C to USB Type-C cables and UFP_Ds / DFP_Ds with USB Type-C plugs.

      ⑸.   Pin Assignment E
DisplayPort electrical signaling for this pin assignment shall comply with DP Standard for transmission rates up to RBR, HBR, HBR2, or HBR3, as supported by the system, except that the reference cable model shall be for the USB Type-C to DP cable defined in Section 4.2.3.

• This pin assignment is appropriate only for receptacles that accept plugs on DisplayPort to USB Type-C cables and for plugs on such cables. It supports passive and active cables.

※ USB Gen 2 PHY Layer Signaling for DisplayPort (GEN2_BR)
目前規格書沒有定義DP使用的GEN2_BR PHY, 但未來可能在DP spec.新增；若定義上有衝突，以DP spec優先



3-1   AUX Signaling
AUX shall be supported on the USB Type-C connector when operating in DisplayPort Mode using
differential 100Ω-terminated signaling on the receptacle pin A8 and B8 connection. AC-coupling
capacitors shall be placed between the AUX_CH_P/AUX_CH_N transceiver and USB Type-C
Receptacle.

Note.  Receptacle pins A8 and B8 are disconnected in the system until the connection is
switched into DisplayPort Mode and a configuration is selected. Likewise, plug
pins A8 and B8 on adapter cables are disconnected until the connection is switched
into DisplayPort Mode and a configuration is selected.


Figure3-1 使用USB Type-C to Type-C cable連接DFP_D和USP_D

• The 2MΩ pull-down resistors on SBU1 and SBU2 are representative of the leakage of ESD and EMI/RFI components including termination to ensure that there are no floating nodes, and are intended to show compliance with zSBUTermination in USB Type-C Specification.

Figure3-2 為Type-C(DFP_D) to DP(UFP_D) adapter示意圖
Figure3-3 為DP(DFP_D) to Type-C(UFP_D) adapter示意圖

• The 3.3V levels in the adapters are derived from VCONN because not all DP UFP_D devices provide DP_PWR.
• The 470kΩ resistor represents a compromise between providing an adequate pull-down resistor to overcome these losses and the need for a relatively low threshold for the connection detection that this requires.
• The very weak (4.7MΩ) resistor on AUX_CH_N represents circuitry required to avoid a floating conductor when the adapter is not connected to a DP UFP_D without compromising the threshold in the DP UFP_D used to detect the adapter’s pull-up resistor.

Figure 3-4 illustrates the system design of a DFP_D on a USB Type-C connector connected to a
Protocol Converter. In this design, the Protocol Converter is used to convert DP protocol to a non-
DP audio-video protocol.

3-2   HPD Signaling
HPD shall be supported on the USB Type-C connector when operating in DisplayPort Mode
by way of USB PD messages that carry DisplayPort Status information

Two DisplayPort Status flags are defined to communicate HPD state:

• HPD_State – Indicates whether HPD’s logical state is high or low (denoted as HPD_Highor HPD_Low, respectively).
• IRQ_HPD – Indicates an IRQ_HPD (i.e., a high-to-low transition on HPD followed by a low-to-high transition was detected between 250us and 2ms later, as specified in DP Standard).

◾ DFU_U可以透過傳遞DP Status Update command，告知目前DP狀態
UFP_U可以透過回應DP Status Update command, 或是傳遞DisplayPort Attention command，告知目前DP狀態

◾ A USB Type-C to DP adapter shall implement a converter able to convert between the HPD signal
and PD messages in either direction.

◾ A USB Type-C to non-DP audio-video Protocol Converter may implement the PD-to-HPD
converter (as described in this section) or directly process the DisplayPort Status updates.

◾ On first connection, HPD shall be assumed low.


HPD-to-PD converter
◾ An HPD-to-PD converter that receives a DP HPD signal through an external connector shall implement the HPD de-bounce recommendation and glitch filtering provided in DP Standard, Section 3.3, on its HPD detector. The HPD-to-PD converter shall not indicate HPD_High in a DisplayPort Status message during the time that HPD is being de-bounced (i.e., it indicates HPD_High only after de-bouncing has been applied and was completed by HPD being detected high for 100ms).

◾ When DisplayPort Mode has not been enabled, an HPD-to-PD converter shall not transmit any Status update messages. When DisplayPort Mode is enabled, the HPD-to-PD converter shall transmit the current HPD state as part of the initial DisplayPort Status Update message exchange.

PD-to-HPD converter
◾ A PD-to-HPD converter shall drive a low level on its HPD driver at all times that DisplayPort
Configuration on the USB Type-C interface is not enabled. The PD-to-HPD converter shall only
indicate HPD’s current state after the SBU isolation switches have been closed to connect the AUX
channel.


3-2-1 HPD Schematics

Figure 3-6 illustrates the schematic for an implementation of an HPD-to-PD converter in a UFP_D and a PD-to-HPD converter in a DFP_D and their connection using a USB Type-C to USB Type-C Cable assembly.

Figure 3-7 illustrates the schematic for an implementation of a PD-to-HPD converter in a DFP_D
and an HPD-to-PD converter in a USB Type-C to DP adapter and its connection to a UFP_D on the
DisplayPort connector. Because the USB Type-C to DP adapter is reversible, the HPD transmitter in the HPD-to-PD converter is disabled when signaling is transmitted in this direction.

Figure 3-8 illustrates the schematic in reversible direction.

Figure 3-9 illustrates the schematic for an implementation of a PD-to-HPD converter in a DFP_D
and an HPD-to-PD converter in a Protocol Converter. In this design, the Protocol Converter is used
to convert DP protocol to a non-DP audio-video protocol.

3-3   DisplayPort Connector CONFIG1 and CONFIG2 Pins

The DP plug’s CONFIG1 and CONFIG2 pins in USB Type-C to DP adapters shall each be pulled
low to GND with a 1MΩ pull-down resistor.


延伸閱讀: DP alternate mode on USB Type-C Standard (二)


Reference:
1. VESA DisplayPort Alt Mode on USB Type-C Standard (DisplayPort Alt Mode),  Version 1.0b, Draft
2. VESA - DisplayPortTM Alternate Mode on USB-CTM - Technical Overview